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The Building Blocks of the Internet: Understanding TCP Protocol

Abul Kalam Khanby
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The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a widely used internet protocol that is responsible for establishing and maintaining end-to-end connections between devices on a network. It is used to transmit data reliably between devices, ensuring that it is delivered accurately and in the correct order.

TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, which means that it establishes a dedicated end-to-end connection between the sender and receiver before transmitting data. This connection is established using a three-way handshake, in which the sender and receiver exchange messages to confirm that the connection can be established.

Once the connection is established, the sender can begin transmitting data to the receiver. TCP ensures the reliability of the transmitted data by using a sequence number and acknowledgement system. Each packet of data sent over the connection is assigned a unique sequence number, and the receiver sends an acknowledgement message back to the sender for each packet received. This allows the sender to retransmit any packets that are not acknowledged, ensuring that all of the transmitted data is received by the receiver.

In addition to its reliable transmission capabilities, TCP also provides congestion control to prevent overloading the network. It does this by monitoring the amount of data in transit and adjusting the rate at which it sends data accordingly.

Overall, TCP is an essential internet protocol that is used to transmit data reliably between devices on a network. It is the foundation of many common internet applications, including web browsing, email, and file transfer.

Here is an example of how the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) might be used:

Imagine you are using a web browser to access a website. When you enter the website’s URL into the address bar and hit enter, your web browser sends a request to the web server to retrieve the webpage.

In this scenario, your web browser and the web server are using TCP to establish and maintain a connection. The web browser sends a message to the web server requesting to establish a connection, and the web server responds with a message acknowledging the request. This is known as the three-way handshake.

Once the connection is established, the web browser can send a request for the webpage to the web server. The web server then sends the webpage back to the web browser in the form of small packets of data.

TCP ensures the reliability of the transmitted data by using a sequence number and acknowledgement system. Each packet of data sent over the connection is assigned a unique sequence number, and the web browser sends an acknowledgement message back to the web server for each packet received. If the web server does not receive an acknowledgement for a packet, it will retransmit the packet until it is acknowledged.

This ensures that the webpage is delivered to the web browser accurately and in the correct order, allowing you to browse the web smoothly and reliably.

Published by Abul Kalam Khan

He is an Author, Inventor, UAS Engineer, Blogger//Speaker and Entrepreneur. He has completed Aircraft Maintenance Engineering (AME). After the completion of the course, He shifted to Manila Aviation, Philippines to obtain the experience of Bell 407 Helicopter and Super King Air B200 aircraft. Also, accomplished accreditations in Human Factors, Aircraft Systems, Jet Engines, and Airframe, identified with wide-body aircraft, such as A320, A340, and B737. Later on, He joined a privately held UAV Company as a UAV Technical Engineer, where, during the exploration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, He transmuted his ‘Manned Aircraft’ knowledge into ‘Unmanned Aircraft’ and designed ‘India’s first Drone crash course study material’. Aside from Technical work, coordinated numerous workshops and training sessions to train the Engineering students regarding the Unmanned Aviation field as well as participated in the HALE/MALE sorts UAVs venture. Presently, He is working as a Director in a private UAV Manufacturing company (VAU Technovations LTD.). His recently formed UAV include VTOL UAV with Virtual Pilot and inventions comprise ‘Blended wing body flapless VTOL UAV, controlling with bleed air motion control system’ and more. As well as he authored a book, which comprises a detailed description related to all elements of the Unmanned Aircraft System. “Since, beginning He was very much interested in to produce something new, which never been done before to change the reality. The way, which drives this sort of deduction falls under the enterprising space, where somebody controls the entire Universal laws to reimage it by his own specific manner to make outlandishly conceivable.” By keeping an innovator mindset, after the completion of the course, He joined India based Start-Up company in the Drone sector. Where he got the undertaking to design ‘UAV Courses’ and the ‘Fledged Unmanned Device’ without any assistance. It becomes very hard to work, out of your prepared space. ‘Reimagination factor’ empowered him to plan ‘Practical UAV Courses’ as well as ‘Fledged Unmanned Device’ identified with numerous applications. During the working session, organized many training sessions and Signed MOUs with different colleges to train the engineering students in his own defined way. After that joined a couple of Start-Up companies (INDIA/South Africa) in a similar area as a Pioneer to deliver them ‘Initial Stage Boosting Strategies’ to cause them to survive in the market with limited resources. Parallelly, continues to contribute his own opportunity to tackle the genuine issues, which addressed by customers. Presently, working on, to be a Global competitor in the DRONE sector by manufacturing a completely indigenous Advanced Unmanned Aircraft System with Uniquely planned calculations. Awarded by many Engineering colleges for his work in DRONE Training Domain. In 2017, ‘Entrepreneur Magazine’ printed about his Business effort in DRONE Sector. In 2018, Nominated for ‘Visakhapatnam Manufacturing Leadership Award’. His invention sheaf comprises, ‘Blended Wing Body Flapless VTOL UAV, controlling with Bleed Air Motion Control System’, to solve out the Endurance related problem with the capability of carrying both Low-speed and High-speed operations at maximum stealth mode. ‘Unmanned Aircraft System for Under Bridge Bearings Inspection’ to solve out the inspection related problem of ‘Under Bridge Bearings’, The problem was addressed by one of the construction company. An extendable robotic arm with a camera is attached with the HUB of the air vehicle, which eases the ‘Bearings’ related inspections inside the ‘confined spaces’. ‘AI DRONE with Virtual Pilot’, Virtual pilot concept makes the controlling and troubleshooting of the air-vehicle easy. The purpose for to concoct the ‘Virtual Pilot’ is to ease the controlling and troubleshooting of the air-vehicle for the Non-Engineer operator. And the invention related to the defense sector comprises, ‘Lightning Strike System’, A MALE/HALE UAV payload system that channelizes the ionized plasma through MV channels to neutralize the targets. Additionally, Related to the Agriculture sector, the commercially launched ‘AGRORECK’ series ‘Pesticide spraying’ and ‘Multi-spectral imaging DRONES’ to solve the AGRO-related problems.

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